{"product_id":"9787214303196","title":"朝贡、海禁与互市：近代东亚的贸易与秩序","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe book focuses on the tributary, maritime prohibition, and border trade systems in modern China, which were closely related to its commercial diplomacy, aiming to clarify the intrinsic connections and evolution processes among them. The book points out that in the early Ming Dynasty, Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to prove the legitimacy of his imperial power, integrated tribute and trade. By implementing maritime prohibitions, he formed a unified tributary system with a two-way trade monopoly. This system was based on ritual but gradually disintegrated due to widespread private smuggling and the rise of border forces. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, it adjusted its foreign policy based on realistic interests, actively separated rituals from trade, and encouraged private participation in foreign trade, gradually forming an open pattern centered on border trade. The author further reveals that the transition from \"ritual priority\" in the Ming Dynasty to \"border trade dominance\" in the Qing Dynasty was essentially a proactive adjustment of modern China in response to shifts in international power, economic demands, and security considerations. This book breaks the static perception presented by the \"tributary system theory\" proposed by American scholar John King Fairbank and others, providing a new perspective that transcends traditional frameworks for reinterpreting East Asian trade networks and China's institutional changes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Xiatu","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51897680134375,"sku":"亚洲史","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0724\/3680\/9959\/files\/9787214303196.jpg?v=1775920499","url":"https:\/\/jfbooks.org\/zh-hans\/products\/9787214303196","provider":"JF Books | 季風書園","version":"1.0","type":"link"}